Understanding HSAs and FSAs

What is an HSA (Health Savings Account)?

  • Eligibility:
    • Must have a high-deductible health plan (HDHP).
    • HDHPs have deductibles of at least $1,400 (individuals) or $2,800 (families).
    • Cannot have other disqualifying health coverage.
  • Key Features:
    • Portable: You can take it with you if you change jobs.
    • Rollovers: Unused funds carry over year to year.
    • Earns Interest: Funds can grow through interest or investments.
    • Withdrawals: You can withdraw for non-medical expenses but will pay taxes and penalties.

What is an FSA (Flexible Spending Account)?

  • Eligibility:
    • Offered by your employer (you must qualify through your job).
    • Not available for self-employed individuals.
  • Key Features:
    • Employer-Linked: Stays with the employer and does not transfer if you change jobs.
    • β€œUse It or Lose It”: Money must usually be spent within the plan year. Some employers offer a grace period or let you carry over a small amount.
    • No Interest: Funds do not earn interest or grow.

What Do HSAs and FSAs Cover?

  • Eligible expenses include:
    • Medical, dental, and vision care.
    • Diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases.
    • Treatments for any body part or function.

Differences Between HSAs and FSAs

  • Contribution Limits:
    • The IRS sets yearly limits for how much you can contribute to each account.
  • Growth:
    • HSAs can grow over time (through interest or investments).
    • FSAs do not grow and must be used within the plan rules.
  • Withdrawals:
    • HSAs allow withdrawals for non-qualifying expenses (taxes and penalties apply).
    • FSAs do not allow withdrawals for non-qualifying expenses.

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